How to identify a fake from a real Persian rug!
It is very easy for people to get scammed nowadays, so be aware of whom you are buying from. If you don’t know them or they have trouble in telling you exactly where when and how something is made, it’s probably best not to buy from them. Try your hardest to buy locally and from people you know and trust, its easy to get caught up on if what your buying is nice, but just be cautious.
We at Babak’s Oriental Carpets feel sorry for whoever falls for scams, we’ve been in business for 21 years and the numerous stories we see and hear is ridiculous. We can only hope that over time people will stop buying from traveling salesmen and just buy locally or from people you know and trust. If you have any questions or concerns regarding carpets that you’ve bought from someone that you didn’t know, you can contact us at 250-480-7114 or come into our Victoria location at 919 Fort St. Again we hope that scammers get stopped immediately.
Cheap imitation Turkish carpets have cost a 91-year-old Victoria woman $15,000, and the established rug dealer who broke the bad news to her is concerned the scammer is back in town.

Boulevard Magazine – Photoshoot
So happy to have had the opportunity to work with @liacrowe @arnoldlimvisuals and Boulevard Magazine. Very excited to see the rest of the photos that were taken!

Boulevard Magazine with Babak’s Oriental Carpets and 2 others.
#Boulevardphotoshoot. It’s easy to be inspired when surrounded by such beautiful textures, colour and intricate patterns! Photographer @arnoldlimvisuals and creative @liacrowe chatting with @babaksorientalcarpets #yyj
https://www.facebook.com/BoulevardMagazine/
Ahad Azimzadeh – Tabriz
Ahad Azimzadeh



Mohammad Seirafian – Best of the best!
Mohammad Seirafian
Seirafian carpets:


Symbols
Persian Symbols:
Below is just a sampling. To see more Persian symbols please view our Facebook album by clicking here.
ROSETTE
A circular arrangement of motifs radiating out from the centre medallion suggesting the petals of a rose. The Rosette design is often found in Nain rugs.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosette_(design)
LOTUS
Rebirth & Immortality,Purity
The lotus was of great significance to many ancient cultures, and in particular to the Eastern religions. From ancestral times, the lotus regularly appears as a symbol of purity, peace, transcendence, enlightenment, rebirth, beauty, and fertility.
The idea of enlightenment is symbolized by the life cycle of the sacred lotus plant because it begins its life humbly in the mud of ponds but soon grows and sends stems and flowers well above the surface of the water (up to 50cm), thus showing the path of spiritual unfoldment.
DIAMOND
Signifies Women
Two diamonds attached together represent a man and woman.
This symbol’s meaning dates back to prehistory and is also believed to be the stylized representation of a pregnant woman.
BIRD
Faith, Fertility, Paradise
Symbolizing flight, freedom and the associated concept of good news brought from far away.
MIHRAB
Gateway to Paradise
Is a semicircular niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the qibla; that is, the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca and hence the direction that Muslims should face when praying.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihrab
CHICKEN, ROOSTER
Dawn of a New Day, Fresh Start, Sexual Prowess
For more on the importance of the chicken in ancient culture you may look here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken#In_religion_and_mythology
LAMP
Faith
Lamp design which appears on the prayer rugs symbolise the divine guidance and the light showing the true path. This also represents the God who is depicted as the light of the Heaven and earth. The lamp is suspended from the summit of the niche.
BUTTERFLY
Happiness
The butterfly is, for the Eastern understanding, not, as it is for the Western, a symbol of instability and fluttering mind but rather a symbol of the most faithful love, which is oblivious of itself and sacrifices itself.
LION
Power or Victory
More information on the influence of the Lion on Persian culture can be found here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion_and_Sun
HERATI
Water Garden, Fish – Mahi
The Herati design derives its name from the town of Herat, now Afghanistan, which was part of Persia until the last Century. It is composed of a single floral head within a diamond framework flanked by four outwardly curling leaves. It is sometime referred to as the mahi or fish in the pond design.( mahi being the Persian word for fish) because many traditional sources have cited this as its symbolic origin. In Persian mythology the world was supported by four swimming fish.
Afghan Symbols:
Below is just a sampling. To see more Persian symbols please view our Facebook album by clicking here.

‘Gul’ is Farsi for flower and is normally used to describe these octagonal, all over or repeated patterns.

Eli Belinde
Ming

Un

‘Gul’ is Farsi for flower and is normally used to describe these octagonal, all over or repeated patterns.


Mina-Khani
This pattern is made up of repeated daisies interlinked by diamond (often curved) or circular lines.


Kufi-Braid Ribbon
Looms and Tools
Here are some of the common tools used during the process of hand-knotting a carpet:
More info here
Turkish Gordes Knotting Symmetrical
To make a Turkish knot, the yarn is passed between two adjacent warps, brought back under one, wrapped around both forming a collar, then pulled through the center so that both ends emerge between the warps.
Vertical Loom Used in Village and City Carpets
Vertical looms are undoubtedly more comfortable to operate. These are found more in city weavers and sedentary peoples because they are hard to dismantle and transport. There is no limit to the length of the carpet that can be woven on a vertical loom and there is no restriction to its width.
There are three broad groups of vertical looms, all of which can be modified in a number of ways: the fixed village loom, the Tabriz or Bunyan loom, and the roller beam loom. The fixed village loom is used mainly in Iran and consists of a fixed upper beam and a moveable lower or cloth beam which slots into two sidepieces. The correct tension is created by driving wedges into the slots. The weavers work on an adjustable plank which is raised as the work progresses.
The Tabriz loom, named after the city of Tabriz, is used in North Western Iran. The warps are continuous and pass around behind the loom. Tension is obtained with wedges. The weavers sit on a fixed seat and when a portion of the carpet has been completed, the tension is released and the carpet is pulled down and rolled around the back of the loom. This process continues until the rug is completed, when the warps are severed and the carpet is taken off the loom.
The roller beam loom is a traditional Turkish village loom, but is also found in Iran and India. It consists of two movable beams to which the warps are attached. Both beams are fitted with ratchets or similar locking devices and completed work is rolled on to the lower beam. It is possible to weave very long rugs by these means, and in some areas of Turkey rugs are woven in series.
Horizontal Loom Used in Tribal Carpets
The simplest form of loom is a horizontal; one that can be staked to the ground or supported by sidepieces on the ground. The necessary tension can be obtained through the use of wedges. This style of loom is ideal for nomadic people as it can be assembled or dismantled and is easily transportable. Rugs produced on horizontal looms are generally fairly small and the weave quality is inferior to those rugs made on a professional standing loom.
Knotting and Sewing
Kelim
Flat woven carpets are given their colour and pattern from the weft which is tightly intertwined with the warp. Rather than an actual pile, the foundation of these rugs gives them their design. The weft is woven between the warp until a new colour is needed, it is then looped back and knotted before a new colour is implemented.
The most popular of flat-weaves is called the Kilim. Kilim rugs (along with jewellery, clothing and animals) are important for the identity and wealth of nomadic tribes-people. In their traditional setting Kilims are used as floor and wall coverings, horse-saddles, storage bags, bedding and cushion covers.
Persian Senneh Knotting Asymmetrical
The Persian knot is used for finer rugs. The yarn is wrapped around only one warp, then passed behind the adjacent warp so that it divides the two ends of the yarn. The Persian knot may open on the left or the right, and rugs woven with this knot are generally more accurate and symmetrical.
Sealing of the Side Edges
Sumakh
Flat woven carpets are given their colour and pattern from the weft which is tightly intertwined with the warp. Rather than an actual pile, the foundation of these rugs gives them their design. The weft is woven between the warp until a new colour is needed, it is then looped back and knotted before a new colour is implemented.
Silk Tests
MERCERIZATION:
Cotton C6H10O5 is a polysaccharide (straight chain polymer of glucose) which comes in an alpha and beta configuration. Beta linkages have the linking OH bond on the same side as the CH2OH. Alpha linkages have the linking OH bond on the opposite side of the CH2OH.
Mercerization is a treatment of cotton thread. Immersion of cellulose in NaOH swells the cell walls and converts the cotton cells from alpha-cellulose to thermodynamically more stable beta-cellulose. The reaction is then neutralized by an acid bath. The result is to give cotton a lustrous look, increased strength and makes it easier to absorb dye (larger surface area).
It can be used to IMITATE silk.
Natural silk is a fibrous protein composed of several amino acids. It is found in the cocoons of the Mulberry silkworm. The chemical structure is prism-like and refracts light giving an iridescent look. Artificial silk is usually mercerized cotton. Viscouse Rayon (1st artificial fiber) is similar and is made by extruding dissolved pure cellulose (from cotton or wood pulp) into a chemical bath producing long filaments.
Turkish, and especially Indian and some Pakistani, carpets are often made of artificial silk (mercerized cotton). Silk carpets typically are tightly woven with more than 250 kpsi. Artificial silk is typically woven with less than about 200 kpsi. Silk carpets always have a silk fringe. Silk tests (in order of increasing reliability):
- Rub the carpet vigorously. Real silk will feel warm, fake silk will stay cool.
- Burn a small portion (i.e. fringe etc.). If the thread(s) are cellulose (cotton) the ash will be smooth and chalky and the smell will be like burned paper. The sample will continue to burn if the flame is removed and leave a glowing ember. Real silk will give a black crispy ash that powders easily and the smell of burnt hair (also a protein). The flame is invisible and it will stop burning as soon as the test flame is removed. There is little to no smoke.
- Dissolve it in a solution of 16 gr. Copper Sulfate (CuSO4) in 150 ml. water with 8-10 gr. Glycerine, or glycerol (C3H5(OH)3). Then add NaOH (lye) until the liquid is clear. This solution will dissolve a small sample of real silk (couple of min.) but leave fake silk unchanged.
Natural dyes for handmade carpets

The Sun, Joy of Life, Power or Glory
1 Saffron (stigmas) – yellow – set with Alum.
2 Safflower (flowers, soaked in water) – yellow
3 Marigold (blossoms) – yellow
4 Burdock (root) – yellow
5 Daffodil flower heads (after they have died); alum
6 Sunflowers – (flowers) – yellow
7 Yarrow – yellow and gold
—–
– Bay leaves – yellow
– Barberry (bark) – yellow
– Crocus – yellow
– Fustic – yellow
– Sassafras (bark)- yellow
– Syrian Rue (glows under black light)
– Red Clover (whole blossom, leaves and stem) alum mordant – gold
– Yellow cone flower (whole flower head); chrome mordant; Brass to Greeney-Brass.
– Onion (skins) – set with Alum.
– Alfalfa (seeds) – yellow
– Willow (leaves)
– Queen Anne’s Lace
– Heather – (plant) – yellow
– St. John’s Wort – (flowers & leaves) – gold/yellow
– Celery (leaves)
– Golden Rod (flowers)
– Sumac (bark) – The inner pith of Sumac branches can produce a super bright yellow color.
– Weld (bright yellow)
– Old man’s beard lichen – yellow/brown/orange shades
– Oregon-grape roots – yellow
– Cameleon plant (golden)
– Mimosa – (flowers) yellow
– Osage Orange also known as Bois d’arc or hedgeapple (heartwood, inner bark, wood, shavings or sawdust) (pale yellow)
– Daffodil flower heads (after they have died); alum mordant
– Mullen (leaf and root) pale yellow. *careful, because the little fuzzy hairs can make one itchy!
– Hickory leaves (yellow) if plenty of leaves are boiled and salt added.
– Tea ( ecru color)
– Yellow, Curly, Bitter, or Butter Dock (despite various leaf shapes, all have a bright yellow taproot) gives you a yellow/flesh color.
– White mulberry tree (bark) Cream color onto white or off-white wool. Alum mordant.
– Paprika -pale yellow – light orange)
– Peach (leaves) – yellow
– Beetroot (yellow) (alum & K2Cr2O7)
– Turmeric (spice) –bright yellow
– Oxallis (wood sorrels) (flowers) – the one with the yellow flowers. Use the flower heads, some stem ok. It is nearly fluorescent yellow, and quite colorfast on alum mordanted wool.
If the oxalis flowers are fermented or if a small dash of cloudy ammonia is added to the dyebath (made alkaline) the fluorescent yellow becomes fluorescent orange. Usually I do this as an after-bath, once I have the initial colour. Useful for shifting the dye shade, and some good surprises in store!
– Dahlia Flowers (Red, yellow, orange flowers) make a lovely yellow to orange dye for wool.
– Mulga Acacia -(flowers) – yellow
– Dyer’s Greenwood (shoots) – yellow
– Tansy (tops) – yellow

Power, Wealth
1 Red Clover (whole blossom, leaves and stem) alum mordant – gold
2 St. John’s Wort – (flowers & leaves) – gold/yellow
3 Golden Rod (flowers)
4 Weld (bright yellow)
5 Cameleon plant (golden)
6 Yarrow – yellow and gold
7 Daffodil flower heads (after they have died); alum

Humility and Piety, Devotion
1 Alder Bark – (orange)
2 Bloodroot will give a good orange to reddish orange color.
3 Sassafras (leaves)
4 Turmeric dyed cloth will turn orange or red if it is dipped in lye.
5 Pomegranate – with alum anywhere from orange to khaki
6 Eucalyptus – (leaves and bark) beautiful shades of tan, orange and brown.
7 Giant Coreopsis (Coreopsis gigantea) Yields bright permanent orange with alum.
—–
– Onion (skin) – orange
– Lichen (gold)
– Carrot – (roots) orange
– Lilac (twigs) – yellow/orange
– Barberry (mahonia sp.) yellow orange (with alum) very strong & permanent. Any part of the plant will work.
– Butternut – (seed husks) – orange

Usually only found in outlines. Mourning, Destruction
1- Carob pod (boiled) will give a gray to cotton
2- Oak galls – makes a good black dye.
3- Rusty nails & vinegar – set with Alum.
4- Iris (roots)
5- Sawthorn Oak – (seed cups) – black
6- Walnut (hull) – black
7- Sumac (leaves) (Black)

Fertility
1 Oak bark will give a tan or oak color.
2 Sumac (leaves) – tan
3 Walnut (hulls) – deep brown (wear gloves)
4- Acorns (boiled)
5- Beetroot -Dark Brown With FeSO4
6- Birch (bark) – Light brown/ buff – Alum to set
7-Maple Trees (Red Leaf Buds) – red-brown color when dried. Found on branches before new leaves appear only present during early spring and throughout fall.
—–
– Wild plum root will give a reddish or rusty brown.
– Dandelion (roots) brown
– Broom – (bark) – yellow/brown
– Walnut (husks) – deep brown – black
– Tea Bags – light brown, tan
– White Birch – (inner bark) – brown
– Juniper Berries
– Fennel – (flowers, leaves) – yellow/brown
– Coffee Grinds
– Hollyhock (petals)
– Colorado Fir – (bark) – tan
– Yellow dock (shades of brown)
– Amur Maple (Acer Ginnala) – black, blue, brown from dried leaves.
– Ivy – (twigs) – yellow/brown
– Pine Tree Bark – light medium brown. Needs no mordant.
– White Maple (bark) – Light brown/ buff – Alum to set
– St John’s Wort (blossom) – brown
– Broom Sedge – golden yellow and brown
– Coneflower (flowers) – brownish green ; leaves and stems – gold
– Goldenrod (shoots ) – deep brown

Beauty, Wealth, Courage, Luck, Joy, Faith, Happiness
1 Elderberry – red
2 Sumac (fruit) – light red
3 Sycamore (bark)- red
4 Beets – deep red
5 Crab Apple – (bark) – red/yellow
6 Madder (root) – red
7 Hibiscus Flowers (dried)
—–
– Red leaves will give a reddish brown color I use salt to set the dye.
– Dandelion (root)
– Bamboo – turkey red
– Rose (hips)
– Chokecherries
– Kool-aid
– Canadian Hemlock – (bark) reddish brown
– Japanese Yew – (heartwood) – brown dye
– Wild ripe Blackberries
– Brazilwood
– St. John’s Wort – (whole plant) soaked in alcohol – red
– Bedstraw (root) – red

Purity or Peace, Cleanliness
Father of Nain Rugs
Habibian – Nain
Fatollah Habibian is known as the “Father of Nain Rugs.” He was born in 1903 in the city of Nain. He knotted his first carpet as a school boy. He left Nain in his teenage years to become an apprentice at a carpet making workshop. He returned to Nain and opened, along with his brother Mohammad, their own workshop in 1920.
Fatollah had always shown a natural gift of carpet making. By the time of opening the shop he had already mastered the skills to create very fine rugs. Fatollah and Mohammad began making very fine rugs, often out of pure silk. His craftsmanship and artistic vision almost singlehandedly shaped the face of Nain carpets as we know them today.
Always incorporating beautiful colours and intricate designs, a Habibian Nain is always an incredible example of exemplary carpet making. Nain carpets are known for their beautiful designs and unique colour palate. The design is, in most cases, made up of an ornate medallion, surrounded by elaborate floral designs. The colours used are almost always ivories, creams, and greys, amongst blues ranging from light (commonplace) to darker hues. The pile of the carpet is usually quite short and silk is often used to highlight the designs. Nains are decorative while still being hard wearing carpets.
Fatollah continued to make carpets well into his eighties, as well as teach the craft to others. He passed the business onto his Grandson, Mamud Reza Habibian. Master Fatollah Habibian passed away in 1995.
Habibian Nains made by the Master Fatollah Habibian have become increasing harder to find as the year go by. They still produce Nain carpets under the Habibian name, the quality is still very good, but they are produced at a much slower rate.
A Habibian carpet is an exceptional example of carpet making in the 2000 century. Their impact is one of noteworthy excellence in design, quality, and craftsmanship.
Nain carpets:


A little about us!
Babak’s Oriental Carpets carries the most magnificent Persian and Oriental carpets the world has to offer. Our showroom, located in beautiful Victoria, BC, Canada opened in August 1994, and ever since we have made a commitment to the people of Victoria to display a large variety of unique hand knotted carpets.
All carpets are elegantly hand knotted by Nomadic Tribes or Master Workshops.
In our showroom you will find carpets from:
– Isfahan
– Tabriz
– Nain
– Senneh
– Sarough
– Yalameh
– Balutch
– Mussel
– Bidjar
– Bakhtiar
– Ghashgai/Shiraz
– Kashan
– Ardebil
– Abadeh
– Gabbeh/Loribaft Gabbeh
– Afghan Khal Mohammad
– Afghan Chobi Ziegler
– Afghan Kazak
– carpet repair and cleaning
– appraisal
– trade-in and purchasing counter
– information sheets on all carpets
– certificate of authenticity for all carpets purchased
– free delivery service – please ask about any restrictions
– trials at no obligation
– and of course our knowledgeable and professional staff to assist you
Dr. Huschang Rezwani has successfully built an honorable reputation in the carpet business over the past 35 years in Graz, Austria. He is delighted to offer his knowledge and experience in this specialty business, and is proud to provide an exclusive selection of Persian and Oriental carpets to the homes and businesses of Victoria and Vancouver.
Babak Rezwani, son of Dr. Rezwani, is the store owner and operator of the Victoria showroom located at 919 Fort Street. Babak has been around the carpet business his entire life, and therefore, he has a vast knowledge of most carpets from around the world. He specializes in carpets from Persia. Babak is dedicated to the study of oriental carpets and he is always pleased to share his knowledge for those interested in the historical significance, hand-knotting techniques, investment value and overall quality of Persian and Oriental carpets.